by Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie (GM Prof Dr)
Abstract
In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the intriguing history and origins of Silat, with a special focus on Pertubuhan Seni Gayung Fatani Malaysia (PSGFM) and its significant contributions to preserving this ancient art form. Before the term “Silat” came into use, Malay martial arts were known by various names, including ilmu hulubalang, ilmu penjurit, or ilmu gagah berani, highlighting their association with the guardians of warriors. These arts held the secrets of traditional Malay fighting techniques, passed down through generations to shape gallant warriors. Silat played a crucial role in the traditional Malay educational system, fostering the development of a generation skilled in martial arts. Originating from Malaysia, Silat has left its mark on the civilizations of numerous Asian countries, including Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines. While its exact origins lack historical records, traditional Malay literary works often feature stories of warriors and heroines skilled in Silat. In Malay culture, the term “warrior” holds significant meaning, signifying individuals dedicated to defending their dignity, race, family, property, religion, and nation. PSGFM, founded in 1976 by Grandmaster Anuar Abdul Wahab, stands as a beacon of Malay Silat, actively promoting its practice worldwide. Under Aminuddin’s leadership, PSGFM continues to thrive, promoting Silat’s rich heritage and empowering practitioners with the skills and values of this ancient art form. Through the dedicated efforts of organizations like PSGFM and visionary leaders like Grandmaster Anuar Abdul Wahab and Grandmaster Aminuddin Anuar, Silat continues to thrive as a cherished tradition and a symbol of Malaysian identity.
Introduction:
Silat, a martial art deeply rooted in tradition and mystery, has long been an integral part of Malay culture (Anuar, 2007; Shapie et al., 2015;2016). In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the intriguing history and origins of Silat, with a special focus on Pertubuhan Seni Gayung Fatani Malaysia (PSGFM) and its significant contributions to preserving this ancient art form.
Silat Ancient Roots:
Before the term “Silat” came into use, Malay martial arts were known by various names, including ilmu hulubalang, ilmu penjurit, or ilmu gagah berani, highlighting their association with the guardians of warriors (Anuar, 2002; 2007; Shapie et al., 2016). These arts held the secrets of traditional Malay fighting techniques, passed down through generations to shape gallant warriors (Shapie & Elias, 2015).
Silat played a crucial role in the traditional Malay educational system, fostering the development of a generation skilled in martial arts. It instilled the spirit of heroism and resilience within the community, preparing them to defend the sovereignty of the Malay empire.
Malay Silat Influence:
Originating from Malaysia, Silat has left its mark on the civilizations of numerous Asian countries, including Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines (Shapie, 2021). However, its association with Malaysian culture and its people remains particularly notable and highly esteemed.
While Silat’s exact origins lack historical records, traditional Malay literary works often feature stories of warriors and heroines skilled in Silat (Anuar, 1992). These tales form an integral part of Malay culture, shaping the identity of the Malays as a brave and resilient people (Shapie, 2022).
The Warrior Culture:
In Malay culture, the term “warrior” holds significant meaning, signifying individuals dedicated to defending their dignity, race, family, property, religion, and nation. The warrior spirit is deeply ingrained in Malay society, evident in customary ceremonies and traditional practices (Shapie, 2021).
Warrior culture permeates various aspects of Malay life, from official state ceremonies to attire and emblems. It embodies the spirit of heroism and serves as a symbol of Malay identity, preserving the legacy of brave warriors throughout history (Anuar, 2002).
Silat’s Evolution:
From the traditional era to modern times, Silat has evolved in its practice and application. While its secrets and legends remain shrouded in mystery, the practice of Silat continues to adapt to changing times, ensuring its relevance in contemporary society.
PSGFM, founded in 1976 by Grandmaster Anuar Abdul Wahab (Nawai et al., 2022), stands as a beacon of Malay Silat, actively promoting its practice worldwide (Cynarski, 2021). PSGFM’s efforts have led to the recognition and preservation of Silat’s heritage, ensuring its legacy endures for future generations (Shapie, 2021).
PSGFM’s Contribution:
PSGFM has played a pivotal role in advancing Malay Silat, earning recognition both locally and internationally for its excellence (Pawel et al., 2022). From winning national championships to participating in global events, PSGFM has showcased the artistry and effectiveness of Silat on the world stage (Pewelec et al., 2015).
The organisation’s commitment to research, cultural preservation, and community outreach has elevated Silat’s status as a cherished cultural tradition (Abdul Razak & Muhamad, 2022). PSGFM’s comprehensive curriculum ensures the clear and concise transmission of Silat’s teachings, empowering practitioners with both physical and mental resilience (Abdul Razak et al., 2022).
PSGFM Grandmaster:
The legacy of PSGFM is deeply intertwined with the remarkable journey of its first Grandmaster, Anuar Abdul Wahab (1976 – 2009). Anuar’s lifelong dedication to Silat began in 1957 when he immersed himself in various styles of Silat, including Silat Harimau, Silat Cekak, and Silat Kuntau Betawi (Shapie, 2021).
In 1976, Anuar was officially appointed as the Grandmaster of PSGFM, a title bestowed upon him by senior gurus representing state-level groups (Shapie et al., 2022a). His collaboration with these gurus enriched his understanding of Silat, enabling him to develop and expand coaching at the national and international levels (Anuar, 2007).
Anuar’s contributions to Silat were recognized both locally and internationally, earning him prestigious accolades such as the title of Adi Guru and Sesepuh. His vision and leadership were instrumental in PSGFM’s success, including its victories in the National Silat Championship and expansion to various countries (Anuar, 2007).
Legacy and Continuation:
Following Anuar’s passing in 2009, his eldest son, Grandmaster Aminuddin Anuar, assumed the mantle of leadership. Aminuddin, a national and international Silat champion, carries forward his father’s legacy with a vision to establish the identity of Malaysian martial arts on the global stage (Nawai et al, 2022).
Under Aminuddin leadership, PSGFM continues to thrive, promoting Silat’s rich heritage and empowering practitioners with the skills and values of this ancient art form. With a focus on transparency, excellence, and community engagement, PSGFM remains at the forefront of preserving and promoting Silat for future generations.
Malaysian Silat Curriculum:
Central to PSGFM’s mission is the Malaysian Silat Curriculum, a comprehensive framework that guides practitioners through seven levels of training (Ministry of Culture, Art and Tourism, 2002). From foundational techniques to advanced combat strategies, the curriculum equips practitioners with the skills and knowledge needed for both self-defense and competition (Pawista & Shapie, 2019; Shapie et al., 2013a;2013b; 2019; 2022b; Abdul Razak & Muhamad, 2022; Abdul Razak et al., 2022).
Training in the Malaysian Silat Curriculum emphasizes not only physical techniques but also mental discipline and ethical principles (Shapie, 2021). Practitioners learn to navigate various combat scenarios with wisdom and restraint, embodying the true spirit of Silat as a martial art and a way of life.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the history and evolution of Silat are deeply intertwined with the cultural heritage and warrior ethos of the Malay people. Through the dedicated efforts of organizations like PSGFM and visionary leaders like Grandmaster Anuar Abdul Wahab and Grandmaster Aminuddin Anuar, Silat continues to thrive as a cherished tradition and a symbol of Malaysian identity.
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